Are Plastics in Your Kitchen a Hidden Health Hazard?

Plastic containers and utensils are ubiquitous in kitchens worldwide, but recent studies suggest they might pose hidden health risks. Plastics, often perceived as a homogeneous material, are actually composed of various polymers, each with unique chemical properties. These materials often contain additives such as dyes, plasticizers, and flame retardants, which can interact with environmental chemicals and microbes, potentially affecting human health.

The University of Rochester is at the forefront of research into the complex health implications of plastic use. Researchers like Katrina Korfmacher, co-director of the Lake Ontario MicroPlastics Center (LOMP) and professor of environmental medicine, and Jane van Dis, assistant professor of obstetrics and gynecology, are examining the multifaceted roles plastics play in our lives.

Understanding Black Plastics and Their Risks

One of the most common sources of plastic exposure is in the kitchen. Black plastic, frequently used in kitchen utensils, takeout containers, and food trays, is often made from recycled electronic waste, which may contain harmful chemicals such as brominated flame retardants and heavy metals. These substances have been linked to various health concerns.

A recent study found flame retardants in 85% of 203 tested consumer products, including banned chemicals, indicating they were made from old electronic waste.

Children and Vulnerability to Plastics

Children are particularly vulnerable to environmental chemicals due to their developing bodies and brains. “Flame retardants have been detected in breast milk samples across the U.S. Children can also be exposed through contaminated food and house dust,” says van Dis. Some plastic toys contain flame retardants that may leach out when chewed, potentially affecting brain and reproductive system development.

The Microplastics Phenomenon

Microplastics, defined as plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size, are pervasive in the environment. “Microplastics are any plastic particles that are less than 5 millimeters in size—and that’s about the size of a tip of an eraser,” explains Korfmacher. Over time, larger plastics break down into these microscopic fragments, which can easily move through the food chain and persist in the environment.

Common sources of plastic pollution include food wrappers, plastic bottles, plastic bags, and synthetic clothing. Microplastics have even been found in the air we breathe, where they can lodge in the lungs or enter the bloodstream. Despite their ubiquity, the long-term health impacts of microplastics remain largely unknown.

“We’re also studying much smaller particles called nanoplastics that are small enough that they can pass into the human body and even into human cells,” adds Korfmacher.

Evaluating Plastic Cutting Boards

Recent research published in Environmental Health Perspectives examined the effects of microplastics from plastic cutting boards. The study simulated everyday exposure by feeding mice microplastics generated from chopping on plastic cutting boards. Results indicated that different plastics caused varied health effects, such as gut inflammation and changes in gut bacteria.

In a commentary on the study, LOMP codirectors Korfmacher and Christy Tyler highlighted the potential for plastic exposure during meal preparation. They emphasized that while microplastic exposure is a growing concern, much remains unknown about its effects on human health.

Reducing Plastic Exposure

According to Korfmacher, “The ways that flame retardants and other harmful chemicals end up in plastics we use on a daily basis are complex, as are the solutions.” However, there are practical steps to reduce exposure. These substances are known endocrine disruptors, meaning they can interfere with hormonal systems and potentially lead to various health issues.

Experts advocate for better testing, safer alternatives, and preventing electronic waste from entering the production of consumer products, especially those that come into contact with food. This approach could significantly reduce exposure sources.

More information: Hai-Jun Gan et al, Simulated Microplastic Release from Cutting Boards and Evaluation of Intestinal Inflammation and Gut Microbiota in Mice, Environmental Health Perspectives (2025). DOI: 10.1289/EHP15472

As research continues, the need for awareness and action on plastic exposure becomes increasingly critical. While the full impact of plastics on human health is still being unraveled, taking steps to minimize exposure is a prudent measure for safeguarding health.

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